Stereotyping Essay Example for Free

Stereotyping Essay Many would agree that stereotyping can be seen as an individual’s preconception about another individual depending on race, color, gender, or religion. Once an individual has built a stereotypical opinion he or she would view the communication and actions individuals of a different race, color, gender, or religion with prejudice. Racial stereotyping is an extremely detrimental facet of stereotyping. It actually paves the way for outright racism, which can cause communication barriers on multiple levels. For example, a stereotypical individual feels that some people are more intelligent that others due to their race, or the color of their skin. Racial stereotyping can lead to the suppression of the minority population in an area by the dominant culture, and this hinders societal development. The practice of racial stereotyping through the use of the media has been used throughout history by some members of society to attain various goals. The most effective way to get peoples reaction about an issue is through the media. Racial stereotyping is perpetuated highly through the film and television media, so it is important for people to mind what they watch, and how sincere the materials are being represented. In addition, a lot of movies are racially stereotypical. For example, in the movies members of gangs are most times, big black guys. This can be misinterpreted as showing that black people are usually gang members, which is not necessarily true. Furthermore, when a particular group is stereotyped, they will begin to internalize the inherent negative image, and might actually mimic some behaviors that have been portrayed in the negative imagery. The fact that they are already being criticized, can lead people to actually portray the action in reality. As mentioned above, the media can affect the way people react to certain matters, so when people are stereotyped negatively, they could change themselves in response to what is shown in the media. Ronald Takaki observed that â€Å"the pressure that the majority puts on a minority being stereotyped is high because their upward mobility will not reach equality† (Takaki, Ronald 1990 p. 101). This can cause people who are being stereotyped to feel isolated and can lead to a barrier being created between communities. In addition, a common reaction to stereotyping and criticism is that people become extremely defensive. This is a natural reaction, which most people tend to do when they feel trapped or scared. Racial stereotyping occurs between different races because many people are scared of being seen as different. For example, when a black or Hispanic family moves to a place like Canada, some people around might be initially reluctant to interact with them due to their racial difference. Hence, a communication barrier might be built between them. Stereotypical people are afraid of the idea of being different, and this is why they try to criticize others. They might also try to persecute the minority in the community, so that they would feel unwanted and eventually leave their country. As Anna Lisa Raya indicates her experience of having to define her self as what others thought in the article â€Å"it’s hard enough being me†. Overall, the idea of racial stereotyping will always be in our lives. However as time goes by we become more humanism because people are learning to not judge others by their race, gender, or religion. Therefore, we shouldn’t be afraid of being different and we should allow more cultural diversity into our lives, as stereotyping can lead to the suppression of minority populations by the dominant culture.

Immigration :: essays research papers

PERMANENT RESIDENCE / IMMIGRANT VISAS  · Returning Residents  · Family based immigration (if close relatives citizens/residents in USA)  · DV-2003 Green Card Lottery  · Religious workers  · International adoption  · Green Card through investment  · Vaccinations  · Procedures for marriage of a U.S. citizen to a foreign spouse Family Based Immigrations Purpose: The information included in the package will provide you with all the tools necessary for assessing the eligibility requirements understanding the procedure, completing the necessary applications, attaching and gathering the required supporting documents and filing the documents for the petition. Our simple easy-to-follow guide will also prepare you for what to expect when dealing with the Immigration and what you should expect after filing the documentation. Requirements: A citizen or lawful permanent resident of the U.S. can file a petition for his or her immediate relatives to immigrate to the USA. Immediate relatives of a US citizen would be husband, wife or unmarried child under 21. Unmarried child over 21, or married child of any age. Brother or sister if citizen is at least 21 years old. Parents of citizen if citizen is at least 21 years old. A lawful permanent resident may establish a petition for the following relatives: husband, wife or unmarried child. (Remember this information may vary depending on individual circumstances.) Content: 50-page book, information folder, Immigration Principals Guide, and a package of original INS forms. Instruction guide with how-to explanations and easy to follow step-by-step procedures. Information on the eligibility requirements, supporting documentation, submission addresses. Updated filing fees, listings of US Embassies and Consulates, Immigration & Naturalization contact information, updated Visa Bulletin with processing cut-off dates, glossary of Immigration terms and abbreviations, instructions on filing, document translation information, medical examination information, checklist, photo specification guide and helpful hints. Sample Forms: I-130, I-485, I-765, 2 x G-325A, INS Forms: I-130, I-864, I-485, I-765, I-693, WR-702, 2x G-325A. Information about the AFFIDAVIT OF SUPPORT "I hereby declare, on oath, that I absolutely and entirely renounce and abjure all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, state or sovereignty, of whom or which I have heretofore been a subject or citizen; that I will support and defend the Constitution and laws of the United States of America against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I will bear arms on behalf of the United States when required by the law; that I will perform noncombatant service in the armed forces of the United States when required by the law; that I will perform work of national importance under

Smackey Dog Food

Thea, nice work on the paper! You answered almost every question competently and thoroughly. The only question you might have done better on  is Q10 for more detail on the rules that apply.. Thank you! Worksheet for You Decide Name Thea Zental____ Course Code AC 555_____ Grade ___Date 02/19/2012 Questions: Q1:Discuss how the SEC has influence (if any) over the audit of Smackey Dog Foods, Inc. Solution: The SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission) has a great influence on the audit of Smackey Dog Foods, Inc. , which is conducted by Keller CPAs. When auditing a publicly held company, auditors need to observe principles.The ethical principles of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) Code of Professional Conduct are independence, responsibilities, the public interest, integrity, objectivity and independence, due care, and scope and nature of services. More specifically, audit team members are required to be objective and independent with regard to the audit by maintaining objectivity and being free of conflicts of interest in discharging professional responsibilities and by being independent in fact and appearance when providing auditing and other attestation services.Through this one can see how influential the SEC is. Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, auditors have to be objective and independent otherwise legal sanctions can be incurred. Even though the above mentioned standards are imposed for audits of public companies, they can also be applied to the audit of a non public company like Smackey Dog Foods, Inc. Q2: Discuss the essential activities involved in the initial planning of an audit. How do these all specifically to the Smackey Dog Food client? Solution: First the audit team needs to understand the client’s business and industry.It can be profitable for the audit firm to have experience in having audited other food manufacturer in preparing and performing the audit for Smackey. So far, members of the Audit team, the audit manager Pete and two audit staffers Ben and Maureen, have to understand the client’s business and industry. The next step would be to assess the client’s business risk. Business risk is the risk that measures by how much a company (here: Smackey) will fail to achieve its objectives. In this activity, the audit team assesses the risk of material misstatements arising from Smackey’s business risk.For example, the high wastage in Smackey’s Best Dog division presents a lot of business risk, and therefore material misstatement risk. Following, the audit team will perform preliminary analytical procedures. Keller CPAs needs to compare the performance of Smackey’s with the industry (these are other competitors) to further support its initial assessment of business risk. These analytical procedures help the audit team indentify areas where the risks of misstatement are very high. Next, Keller CPA’s set materiality and assess acceptable audit risk and inherent risk.The Smackey audit team now has to set the acceptable level of materiality. The circumstances of Smackey have to be taken into account in setting materiality level as this level is purely a relative and subject to auditor’s judgment. Then, the audit team is able to develop an overall audit plan and audit program. The audit plan and program aims to achieve the audit risk objectives of the audit team and to provide reasonable assurance and basis for the audit report and opinion. Q3:Discuss the 4 stages of the audit and the major activities performed by the auditor in each phase.Give an example of how each of these specifically applies to the Smackey Dog Food, Inc audit. For instance, examine the apparent internal control weaknesses and possible negative outcome of each. Solution: Stage 1: Planning and Risk assessment – During the planning stage the audit team will need to gain an understanding of the Smackey Dog Foods business and industry. More spe cifically, the design and implementation of the client’s internal control procedures, processes and systems are studied and analyzed for the audit team to be able to assess the control risk for each f the transaction-related audit objective – occurrence, completeness, accuracy, classification, timing and posting and summarization. After this they can assess the risk. The first risk they may want to look at is the control risk by taking a look at how the internal controls system works at Smackey Dog Foods. Stage 2: Test of internal controls – By testing the effectiveness of the internal controls the auditor can determine the control risk that lies within the company.The audit team can perform tests of controls by making inquiries of appropriate client personnel, examining documents, records, and reports maintained by Smackey, observing control-related activities such as the one done for the inventory procedures for returned Best Boy Gourmet dog food, and re-perfo rm the client procedures. Stage 3: Substantive tests of Transactions – The Smackey audit team needs to perform substantive tests on the balances of the accounts receivables and inventory accounts. Moreover, substantive tests can be done through performing substantive tests of transactions, analytical procedures and test of details of balances.By running tests of transactions, which is similar to test of internal controls the auditor will take an invoice but this time verifying the monetary amount of the transaction. Stage 4: Audit Completion – At this stage, the audit team compiles a report to Smackey’s management as regards matters that came to the team’s attention during the audit, evaluates and reviews the audit evidence obtained in the audit, and considers the audit opinion to be issued based on the evidence obtained Q4:Describe Keller CPAs’ responsibilities related to communications regarding internal control matters.What internal controls iss ues do you identify? Solution: According to auditing standards and professional conduct the auditor is required that the auditor relay information, in writing, to management and those charged with governance, significant deficiencies and material weaknesses identified in an audit. The following internal control issues were found as regards the audit for Smackey Dog Food, Inc. and thus have to be communicated to appropriate people within Smackey: 1. Granting of commissions to sales people based on estimated sales.This internal control issue presents risks as regards the company’s financial resources as sales people might be paid for sales not made, and there is no refund process for commissions paid for this type of sale. 2. Segregation of duties as regards the handling of inventory. With only one person assigned with the preparation and approving all inventory records, the changes of material misstatements are high. 3. Lack of control procedures and guidelines in handling ret urned dog foods which presented opportunities wherein employees take home returned items.Lack of control procedures and guidelines in handling and recording accounts receivable. This is much more important now since a major client which represents 31 % of total sales is experience financial difficulty. Moreover, the urgency of these procedures and guidelines is in light of the magnitude of receivables (29 % of total assets). Q5:You decide that you will address Smackey Dog Food, Inc. ’s accounts receivables through confirmations. Discuss the various types of confirmations and what forms you will implement and why. Solution:When auditing there are two types of accounts receivable confirmation, which are positive and negative confirmations. Positive Confirmation – Is a request by the debtor to confirm whether the balance as stated on the request is correct or incorrect. Two types of positive confirmation are blank confirmation form and invoice confirmation. Blank Confirma tion Form – Does not state the amount of the confirmation but requests to either fill the balance in or furnish more information. Invoice Confirmation – This is where instead of an entire account balance being confirmed a single transaction is confirmed.Negative Confirmation – This is when there is a disagreement on the stated balance In relation to Smackey dog foods I would implement an Invoice confirmation based on the info given it seems to be a good place to start confirming balances would to be directly linked to the invoices. Taking into mind the amount of returns and how they would directly affect the invoice that was paid but then returned also means that any money that was made on that invoice has also been returned. Q6:What are the major factors affecting sample size for confirming accounts receivable? Solution:Factors affecting the sample size for confirming accounts receivable are as follows: Tolerable accounts receivable and financial statement miss tatement; Inherent risk, which is dependent on the size of total accounts receivable, the number of accounts, prior-year results, and expected misstatements; Control risk; Achieved detection risk based on other substantive tests; and Type of confirmation. Generally a positive confirmation requires a smaller number of sample sizes. Q7:A major issue in verifying the ending balance in property, plant and equipment is the possibility of legal encumbrances.Discuss what specific concern do you have. Describe the procedures your firm will perform to obtain evidence about existing legal encumbrances. Solution: Here are the procedures that Keller CPAs will need to perform to obtain evidence about existing legal encumbrances include: 1. Inquiry with property, plant and equipment custodians 2. Review of minutes of meetings 3. Review of items noted during property, plant and equipment inventory observations 4. Confirmation of the client’s liabilities 5. Reading and reviewing lease agreem ents 6.Reading and reviewing property, plant and equipment purchase contracts and agreements The above procedures aim to assess whether encumbrances and liens to the property, plant and equipment have been identified and whether property currently pledged as collateral on a loan has not been sold or damaged. Q8:The client wants to know if you will be present at the year-end inventory. What is your decision and why? What role or actions will you take at the inventory if you decide to attend the inventory. Why? Solution: I think it is very important for the audit team to be at the year-end inventory.The reason for this being is that way the audit team can see how Smackey Dog food performs an inventory check. Secondly, they can take part in the inventory themselves by observation, as well as physical checking and counting of the inventory. After deciding to attend I would ask for a copy of the inventory check list and also ask for the ability to check the inventory along with the rest of the team. By gaining a hands on check this will allow the auditors to see if the controls over inventory are working and that the inventory check lists is correct and states all the inventory that Smackey Dog foods has.Q9:Considering the general six functions that make up the inventory and warehousing cycle for Smackey Dog Foods, Inc. , identify the related documents and/or records that would be used. From your analysis of the internal controls related to the inventory and warehousing cycle of Smackey Dog Foods, Inc. , what internal control weaknesses exist? Solution: The six general functions that make up the client’s inventory and warehousing cycle are: 1. Processing of purchase orders – purchase requisitions, quotations from suppliers, and purchase orders 2. Receipt of purchased materials – receiving report 3.Storage of materials or inventory – materials requisition form 4. Processing raw materials – job cost sheet, process cost sheets 5. Sto rage of finished goods – sales invoice, sales order form. 6. Shipping finished goods – shipping form and invoices. The internal control weaknesses that exist based on the six functions that make up the warehousing cycle as stated earlier the lack of procedure set for handling the large amount of returned dog food. There is also nothing stating that they record the transaction when the dog food is returned so that could also mean they never took the profit off the books.The other weakness is separation of duties in the warehouse Kim alone has control over inventory, production and shipping. That is too much for one person to handle especially when her attention has been taken by one specific line of food that the company produces. Smackey needs to bring in people to a great extent to help Kim and reduce her workload. By doing this it will also lower the risk that inventory, production or shipping could become misstated. Q10:Discuss if Keller CPAs or its auditors are bre aching any Professional Rules of Conduct and why or why not?Solution: Several things occurred that make me believe yes the Keller CPAs are breaching some of the rules of conduct. One issue that sticks out immediately is Pete and Allen’s relationship. Pete and Allen have actually discussed the audit over a few beers which should not have occurred. This creates a conflict of interest and independence. Another problem that Keller CPAs are faced with is the lack of knowledge of the industry topped with taking on the audit in a crunched time frame to complete it in.By doing this the possibly of the audit team gaining enough knowledge of the industry to perform an audit up to standards in the small time frame is going to be a task in itself. If the audit team had a larger time frame this would be ok but in such a small time frame they won’t be able to spend that much time learning the industry and this could lead to not being able to perform an audit following all audit stan dards. Q11:Discuss the CPA firm’s legal liability concerns for this audit if they make a material unintentional or intentional mistake. Include any other legal liability concerns regarding possible Professional Rule violations.Solution: The CPA firm could face some serious legal consequences if they make an unintentional or intentional mistake. The main liabilities that I see between the audit team and the Smackey Dog Food audit itself is liability to clients, and liability to third parties. Liability to clients – In this case this would be where if the auditors missed any fraud occurring and therefore the client can turn around and sue the Keller audit team. In terms of Smackey Dog Food directly, one area of possible fraud is in the inventory department and the returned inventory area.With the lack of separate of duties and the fact that two employees essentially run the whole inventory department it might not even be intentional fraud it maybe just a misstatement and lack of controls over inventory that caused it. But the auditor needs to discover this to avoid any legal action. Liability to third parties – This occurs if the Keller auditor team fails to find any material misstatements on the financial statements and then the bank would loans Smackey funds, but shortly after Smackey goes bankrupt. This would open up the auditor to be able to be sued by the bank for not catching the misstatements on the financials.

Personal Identity - Memory Theory vs Body Theory vs Soul...

Personal Identity REFERENCE: Perry, Dialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality. . Thesis . Identity refers to â€Å"a relation that everything has to itself and to no other thing†, and our perception of personal identity is the knowledge that we are ourselves, and who we have been – basically, that I am the same person I was last week, last year, etc. Leibniz’s Law states that if one thing (A) is identical to another (B) at one given point in time, they share the exact same properties, making them the same, one thing (A = B). In this paper, I will argue that the Memory Theory of Personal Identity is the closest to the truth. I will do so by showing that the opposing theories – Body and Soul Theories – have evident flaws and that the†¦show more content†¦371). This responds to the objections raised by Thomas Reid in the 18th century (Shoemaker, 2008, p. 340), however, the Memory Theory did require a modification to include the possibility of temporarily forgetting the experiences of an earlier person-stage, â€Å"as long as one has the potentiality of remembering it† (Shoemaker, 2008, p. 340). In the conversations held by Gretchen Weirob, Sam Miller and Dave Cohen in Perry’s ‘Dialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality’ (Perry, 1977), this concept is addressed in depth. Miller relays a chapter written by Locke – â€Å"the relation between two person-stages or stretches of consciousness that makes them stages of a single person is just that the lat er one contains memories of an earlier one...I can remember only my past thoughts and feelings, and you only yours...take this relation as the source of identity† (Perry, 1977, p. 343). These concepts are logical possibilities in my opinion, and are far less unstable than those presented within the Body/Soul Theory, as these concepts do not require the senses of others, but the individual’s first person perception of their personal identity. Another argument against the Memory Theory involves it’s circular nature if fake memories are implanted within a person who did not actually experience what the memories are about, and only ‘seems to remember’, via brainwashing for example. The above diagram shows theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of John Locke And The Problem Of Personal Identity1622 Words   |  7 PagesProblem of Personal Identity Personal identity, in a philosophical point of view, is the problem of explaining what makes a person numerically the same over a period of time, despite the change in qualities. The major questions answered by Locke were questions concerning the nature of identity, persons, and immorality (Jacobsen, 2016). This essay will discuss the three themes John Locke presents in his argument regarding personal identity, which are, the concept of categories, substance vs. man vs. personRead MoreA Dialogue On Personal Identity And Immortality1310 Words   |  6 Pagesdialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality offers examples of logical thought and argumentation. Perry’s text does more than theorize, it expresses ways of defending ideas and thought in order to determine the likely hood of them being true or the most likely to be true over other ideas. In this dialogue there are four theories that are introduced as possible explanations for personal identity and immortality. These theo ries include the body theory, soul theory, memory theory, and brain theory. In thisRead MoreConsumer Behavior Study Notes7882 Words   |  32 PagesChapter 2: Perception Exposure Exposure: the degree to which people notice a stimulus that is within range of their sensory receptors Sensory Thresholds Psychophysics: the science that focuses on how the physical environment is integrated into our personal, subjective world The absolute threshold Absolute threshold: the minimum amount of stimulation that can be detected on a sensory channel The differential threshold Differential threshold: the ability of a sensory system to detect changesRead MorePersonality Theory And The Psychological Processes Of Functioning And Psychopathology2377 Words   |  10 Pages Abstract Personality theory is a branch of psychology which examines personality as integral to the psychological processes of functioning and psychopathology. There are different areas of personality theory, such as the roots of personality in the individual, and the role of personality in achieving happiness, productivity, etc. The core of all personality research is centered on the question of nature versus nurture. The fundamental questionRead MoreGeron Essay7094 Words   |  29 Pagesof the soul from the body | | b. | Irreversible loss of the capacity for bodily integration | | c. | Irreversible loss of flow of vital fluids | | d. | Irreversible loss of consciousness or social interaction | According to Erikson’s description of developmental eras in the human life cycle, during adolescence children experience a conflict between Answer | a. | Industry and inferiority | | b. | Trust v. mistrust | | c. | Autonomy v. shame and doubt | | d. | Identity and roleRead MoreTrace The History Of Counseling Profession2081 Words   |  9 Pagesequivalent to modern days psychology, philosophy and psychiatry etc. Moreover, the problem associated with human misery was looked at from an inbound perspective and so the goal of the therapist was to establish a state of inner harmony between the body, mind and soul of the person. Alongside with this there are also other famous educational institutions like the ‘Nalanda’ and the age old ‘Gurukula system’ which disseminated knowledge and guidance to the students. Not only were they imparting education asRead MoreEssay on Romanticism4035 Words   |  17 Pagesrepresentation of potentially diabolical and satanic powers, its historical and geographic location and its satire on extreme Calvinism, James Hoggs Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner proves to be a novel that a dramatises a crisis of identity, a theme which is very much a Romantic concern. Discuss. Examination of Romantic texts provides us with only a limited and much debated degree of commonality. However despite the disparity of Romanticism (or Romanticisms) as a movement it wouldRead MorePsychology Ncert Book 1 Chapter Notes11190 Words   |  45 Pagescannot be captured by any one definition. This is even more true of psychology. Long time back, students like yourself were told that the term psychology is derived from two Greek words psyche meaning soul and logos meaning science or study of a subject. Thus, 2 Psychology psychology was a study of the soul or mind. But since then it has moved away considerably from this focus and established itself as a scientific discipline which deals with processes underlying human experience and behaviour. The rangeRead More Tamales: History, Regional Differences, and Family Cultural Interpretations 5900 Words   |  24 Pagesconcerning a great number of cultural artifacts. My personal history with tamales is filled with thoughts and memories of family, fun, love, and laughter. I began making tamales with my mother, grandmother, and aunts at a very early age. In the beginning, I was not allowed to participate too deeply. As I grew older and began to appreciate the delicate balance of spreading, filling, wrapping, and steaming, my hands and my soul became sincerely imbedded in a tradition so deep it almost overflowsRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pages GP NOTES 2010 (ESSAY) Content Page 1. Media a. New vs. Traditional b. New: narcissistic? c. Government Censorship d. Profit-driven Media e. Advertising f. Private life of public figures g. Celebrity as a role model h. Blame media for our problems i. Power + Responsibility of Media j. Media ethics k. New Media and Democracy 2. Science/Tech a. Science and Ethics b. Government and scientist role in science c. Rely too much on technology? d. Nuclear technology