Polycystic Ovarian Syndrom & Fertility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrom & Fertility - Essay Example Syndrom, also known as the Stein-Leventhal syndrome, is possibly the commonest endocrine disorder, which accounts for most of cases of anovulatory infertility, hirsutism and menstrual disturbance in women. This quite prevalent condition has diverse manifestations and as a result, it may present to dermatologists, gynaecologists, endocrinologists, general practitioners, specialists who deal with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, infertility specialists, among others. In other words, the condition can affect almost every organ of a woman. Over time, both the condition’s nature in the patient as well as the presentation may vary (Balen, et al., 2005). Elsheikh and Murphy explain that this condition is known to cause excessive hair growth in the body and the face, acne, scalp hair thinning and worse still, infertility. Other symptoms include menstrual cycle disturbance, hyperandrogenism, and obesity. Apparently, gaining weight/obesity aggravates the symptoms since hormonally active fatty tissues produce oestrogen, which disrupts ovulation. These symptoms may occur either in combination or singly. The risk of developing heart disease and diabetes is high among its victims. Cases of multiple pregnancy, early pregnancy as well as later complications of pregnancy are common among women with this condition, following conception, spontaneous and following infertility treatment. Although scholars believe that the exact cause of PCOS is unknown, investigations have proved that it is genetically transmitted and that it is more prevalent among women who come from families with a history of diabetes. Many women with this condition have reduced insulin sensitivity and their bodies overcompensate by producing excess insulin levels, which some experts believe to be the underlying cause of PCOS since insulin stimulates the production of androgen and effects follicular development (follicles are egg-containing sacs within the ovaries). High levels of insulin secretion also

Legal Institutions and Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Legal Institutions and Methods - Essay Example Another indictable offense in another area of law is murder. b) In summary conviction of an offense committed under section 3 of the Act an individual is subject to imprisonment for a term of not more than 12 months or a fine not in excess of the maximum under the statute or both the imprisonment and the fine. Question 1 (part c) There are two different procedures involved in the annulment of statutory instruments in parliament. These two procedures are the negative procedure and the affirmative procedure. Negative procedure Statutory instruments may be annulled if either House of parliament passes a motion to annul the statutory instrument. This time for annulment is usually 40 days from the day the motion to annul it was laid although this time which parliament is dissolved or when both houses are adjourned for more than four days. A motion to annul a statutory instrument is referred to as a prayer. Any member in the House of Commons may put down a motion to annul the statutory ins trument in respect to the Negative procedure. These motions are Early Day Motions and no time is fixed for the motions. On the other hand, an individual member may table a motion in the House of Lords with the prayers to annul the statutory instrument. Where there are no objections to the statutory instrument subject to this procedure then there is no parliamentary procedure on it. The motions for annulment are debated in parliament, but often by the delegated legislation committee, and where necessary a vote is conducted to annul such instrument. Affirmative procedure Although this procedure is less common than the Negative procedure, it provides a more rigorous parliamentary control. This is so because the instrument must receive the approval of parliament before it is annulled. Statutory instruments subject to affirmative procedure are laid before parliament in draft orders. The draft order has to be approved by parliament in order to be printed and become effective. A motion app roving a draft order has to be made by both houses. The responsibility to approve it lies with the minister laying the order for approval. A statutory instrument subject to this procedure also requires 28 or 40 days after it is laid in parliament to be annulled or remain in force. The relevant minister prepares a motion in this respect and it is upon the minister to ensure that the statutory instrument is discussed within a reasonable time. Question 1 (part d) i) Tom has committed an offense under section 3(1) of the Act by passing information to his friend Bill. The Act prohibits a relevant person from passing information without lawful authority. Tom falls under the category of a relevant person pursuant to section 4 (c) of the Act, which defines a relevant person to include individuals engaged by the BBC. Section 7 of the Act provides that if an individual commits an offense under section 3 then that person is liable to imprisonment for a period not exceeding two years or to a fi ne on conviction on indictment or imprisonment for a period not exceeding 12 months or a fine on summary conviction. ii) the provisions of sub section 5 implies that if an individual commits an offence under section 3 (2) of the Act then the individual can

Identification of Micro-Organisms Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Identification of Micro-Organisms - Term Paper Example As micro-organisms have a colorless natural state when viewed through a light microscope, the organisms must be stained in order to be visible. Staining imparts a color to the micro-organisms’ by the reaction of the dye with certain structures of the microorganism (Tortora, 2006, p69) A simple stain is alcohol or aqueous based solution of a singular basic dye and its main purpose is to highlight an entire micro-organism in order for its cellular shapes and basic structure to be observed under a microscope (Tortora, 2006, p69). In this experiment, methyl blue was used as the simple stain to view microbes obtained from cheek and tooth-scraping. The illustrations on page 3 under the heading ‘Scientific Drawing 2’ shows the images that were observed. Figures 1.5 at x400 magnification and 1.6 at x1000 are scientific drawings of the eukaryotic epithelium cells obtained from a human cheek. When viewed at x1000 magnification most of the internal structures of the cells got from the cheek could be seen under a light microscope. Figures 2.3 and 2.4 are scientific drawings of prokaryotic bacterial cells obtained from human teeth scrapings. The bacterial cells, which are approx 1Â µm in diameter, are much smaller in comparison to the human cheek cell and hence the internal structures could not be observed even at x1000 magnification. Unlike simple stains, differential stains react differently with each bacteria and therefore can be used to differentiate between each type of bacteria (Tortora, 2006, p69) The most commonly used differential stains are Gram stain and Acid fast stains and the staining procedures involve several steps. In this experiment, Gram stain was used to distinguish between gram positive and gram negative bacteria, taken from a vaginal and a urine specimen. Figures 3.1and 3.2 are scientific drawings of gram positive and gram negative bacteria respectively as viewed under a light microscope at x1000 magnification.

Legal Institutions and Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Legal Institutions and Methods - Essay Example Another indictable offense in another area of law is murder. b) In summary conviction of an offense committed under section 3 of the Act an individual is subject to imprisonment for a term of not more than 12 months or a fine not in excess of the maximum under the statute or both the imprisonment and the fine. Question 1 (part c) There are two different procedures involved in the annulment of statutory instruments in parliament. These two procedures are the negative procedure and the affirmative procedure. Negative procedure Statutory instruments may be annulled if either House of parliament passes a motion to annul the statutory instrument. This time for annulment is usually 40 days from the day the motion to annul it was laid although this time which parliament is dissolved or when both houses are adjourned for more than four days. A motion to annul a statutory instrument is referred to as a prayer. Any member in the House of Commons may put down a motion to annul the statutory ins trument in respect to the Negative procedure. These motions are Early Day Motions and no time is fixed for the motions. On the other hand, an individual member may table a motion in the House of Lords with the prayers to annul the statutory instrument. Where there are no objections to the statutory instrument subject to this procedure then there is no parliamentary procedure on it. The motions for annulment are debated in parliament, but often by the delegated legislation committee, and where necessary a vote is conducted to annul such instrument. Affirmative procedure Although this procedure is less common than the Negative procedure, it provides a more rigorous parliamentary control. This is so because the instrument must receive the approval of parliament before it is annulled. Statutory instruments subject to affirmative procedure are laid before parliament in draft orders. The draft order has to be approved by parliament in order to be printed and become effective. A motion app roving a draft order has to be made by both houses. The responsibility to approve it lies with the minister laying the order for approval. A statutory instrument subject to this procedure also requires 28 or 40 days after it is laid in parliament to be annulled or remain in force. The relevant minister prepares a motion in this respect and it is upon the minister to ensure that the statutory instrument is discussed within a reasonable time. Question 1 (part d) i) Tom has committed an offense under section 3(1) of the Act by passing information to his friend Bill. The Act prohibits a relevant person from passing information without lawful authority. Tom falls under the category of a relevant person pursuant to section 4 (c) of the Act, which defines a relevant person to include individuals engaged by the BBC. Section 7 of the Act provides that if an individual commits an offense under section 3 then that person is liable to imprisonment for a period not exceeding two years or to a fi ne on conviction on indictment or imprisonment for a period not exceeding 12 months or a fine on summary conviction. ii) the provisions of sub section 5 implies that if an individual commits an offence under section 3 (2) of the Act then the individual can

Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Journal - Essay Example On the same day I started to research McGraw Hill Publishing which I should have began much earlier for the details of my business class. I was trying to find out the definition of love. Various interesting questions were disturbing me. I was thinking that when any body is in touch with someone for quite some time then whether he/she would be in love with that person. On September 16, I went to visit the grave of my mother accompanied by my brother. After reaching there we found that the gates were closed. I doubted whether we would accomplish anything by praying from the gates of grave instead of doing it from the grave. After that we ate together. We had a good time together after quite some time. On that day my father had a fight with my step mother and once again the issue of fighting was my brother. I think my brother should ignore her (my step mother) if he can not have share healthy relationship with her. On September 19, I could not wake up early and as a result I missed the prayers. I was upset because the prayer takes place once a year and I missed it just because of my laziness. I realized that next time I need to wake up early in the morning so that I can attain it in time. September 19 was a nice holiday, because my sister and her husband came to our place and spent the day with us. It was actually quite boring to stay everyday at an empty house just with my parents. On that day a interesting question came in my mind. I asked myself whether the concept of throwing away all sins into a fish bowl really make any sense or not. The last day began with the visit to the synagogue. On this day, my brother-in-law got to see an unusual sight. It was about the killing of fish in the synagogue. He was not comfortable with the sight. We did not have such feelings as we had become quite used to it. It was a inspiring holiday for me. I learnt

The Paris Peace Conference Research Paper Essay Example for Free

The Paris Peace Conference Research Paper Essay The Paris Peace Conference is only one of many conferences throughout the world. This conference was led by not only by just a United States President, but by my blood lines. President Woodrow Wilson is my great, great, great grandfather. He had chosen to lead the delegation of the Peace Conference with Paris after World War I. Woodrow Wilson was also the first President to visit Europe in their term as president of the United States of America. This Paris Peace Conference had been known as another name, the Treaty of Versailles. This Treaty (Paris Peace Conference) was basically written to finish off, and declare the ending of World War I. This was held not just within Paris, but many countries had been involved, such as Germany, Russia, France, Great Britain, Italy, and the United States. These countries were all given the task of following the treaty to end this â€Å"war of all wars†. Although many people in having the basic knowledge of this Treaty, do not realize that this entire war ending Conference takes an entire Process. This process consists of Economists, Geographers, Ethicists, Military Experts, and of course the Ambassadors. Each person or group of people had their own set of tasks to accomplish during this Conference. The Economists were in charge of all the costs, and payments that may be due. Then the Geographers helped to determine boundaries over each country; this was to be placed in the Treaty. Next the Ethicists, to basically figure out how this war was even started in the first place; then the military experts were in charge of the power given to most people; this included the restrictions and certain regulations. Then the last groups of people are the Ambassadors, they usually hold the speeches and speak their own countries testimonies. This Paris Peace Conference was not just a sudden agreement either; there was an agreement leading up to the Peace Conference. This was called the Armistice. This was an agreement signed on November eleventh in 1918. This agreed to everyone holding a Peace conference discussing Post-war world. The Paris Peace Conference was held on the 12th of January in 1919. The ending of this Conference was dated to the 20th of January in 1920. There were countries that had their disagreements towards this Treaty, for example Great Britain wanted power over the Seas, but they were not the only ones, also they wanted control over Germany.

Market position of Bisleri

Market position of Bisleri The case discussed below is about the biggest brand in the world of mineral water that is Bisleri, the company as all of us know is the best in its field but due to some problems before some time its production was stopped by the government and at the same time its customers who cannot find Bisleri anymore shifted to some other brands and its market share decline The discussion below is about the actual market position of the company using the SWOT, Porters five forces and the PESTEL framework which analyzes the actual position of the company in the industry as well as the market and society. Contents INTRODUCTION: Water is one of the basic necessities for human life to survive on this planet today getting pure water is not an easy task with so much harmful chemical being disposed into the water by various industries is making the water harmful for drinking. 71% of the earth is made of water out of which only 1% of water can be used by living beings. Among this 1% of water 50% of water is polluted. (Upadhyay, 2005) According to the Bureau of Indian Standards there are 1,200 bottled water factories all over India (of which 600 are in one state Tamil Nadu). Over 100 brands are vying for the Rs. 1,000-crore (Rs. 10 billion) bottled water market and are hard selling their products in every way possible better margins to dealers, aggressive advertising, catchy taglines. In such a scenario, The Strategist takes a look at how it all started with Bisleri and how Ramesh Chauhan, chairman, Bisleri created a market out of pure water. (Bisleri, 2008) This is an SWOT analysis report of one of the premium, recognized trusted brand in the Indian bottled water market named BISLERI INTERNATIONAL PVT LTD. This is enjoying the huge share in the market both in bulk segment in small packs. The origin of BISLERI lies in Italy and the brand owes its name to its founder MR.FELICE BISLERI, an Italian entrepreneur. In 1967, BISLERI set up a plant in Bombay for bottling and marketing actual mineral water, which did not quite work. By 1969, BISLERI wanted to exit the business and to help him out the Chauhans bought the brand, intending to turn it into a soda brand. (Raturi, 2005) Since then it has come a long way. Now, it owns a large percentage of shares in the Indian market and also it has its presence in International Water Market. (Bisleri, 2008) Tag line of Bisleri: WATER EVERYWHERE BUT JUST A LITTLE THAT IS CLEAN SWOT ANALYSIS ON BISLERI: STRENGTHS 1. QUALITY STANDARD: Every bottle of BISLERI is put through a rigorous Multi stage purification processes which includes micron filtration and ionization. It acquires 6 stages of purification processes which ensure quality water which is pure and safe for drinking purpose. Good manufacturing are the strength all the time processing in religiously monitored at every stage. (Vora, 2009) 2. TRUST FOR BRAND:- More than 5 million people trust the BISLERI. They buy only BISLERI water because it has became generic name for mineral water. For example: When people go to buy the mineral water many of them ask for BISLERI, even though they get other brand. 3. LARGE RANGE OF PRODUCTS:- BISLERI offers a large range of products which attracts consumer of all categories. For example: 1 liter or 500 ml pack is useful for individual buyers, 12 liters or 20 liters is useful for organization. Therefore it attracts large number of customer. 4. MARKETING:- BISLERI is promoted by an aggressive print TV. TV is backed by a Hoarding point of sale material. Every interface with customer is used as an opportunity to reinforce. For example: All vehicles used for supply have been painted in light green, bears the BISLERI logo sport catchy baseline likes drink and drive. 5. DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM. With little belief in the distributor system, the company leverage its large fleet of truck to supply bottled water directly to retailers through a system called Route Selling where the driver of truck is trained to be a service person. This ensures that water supplied is fresh and bottles are in good shape. BISLERI has more than 80,000 outlets in the country. 6. EXPERIENCE OF MR.CHAUHAN (M.D OF BISLERI) From the vast experience of marketing Gold Spot and Thumps Up, Mr. Chauhan knows that distribution plays a crucial role in the successful marketing of bottled drinks. He knows that making fresh water available within a particular period of time is crucial for its success. He is pursuing a multi- pack and multi- price strategy. 7. BULK SEGMENT IS USEFUL FOR HOUSEHOLDS ALSO:- Households in certain parts of the country spend a huge amount of money on fuel in order to purify the water. They are supposed to buy the impure water and then they have to spend money to purify it. For instance the water scarce south people spend large some of money to buy water and still more to purify it. The 12 liter product is hit in various cities of south. 8. GROWING POPULARITY:- The popularity of BISLERI is increasing rapidly day by day. People in the market when it comes to mineral water a person goes to any shop and asks for BISLERI as his/her first preference. BISLERI is seeing a growth of almost 50% per year. With the small pack being popular among individuals user its bulk pack is also generating the huge demand which is capturing the market for BISLERI. Today 60-70 % of total income of BISLERI comes from its bulk segment and the company is planning to increase it up to 80%. 9. THE BREAK AWAY SEAL:- Keeping in mind the consumers need to recognize a genuine product that cannot be tempered with. The unique cap has been patented and cannot be duplicated. This technical strength ensures that the consumer will only get a high safe product when they will drink BISLERI. (Vora, 2009) WEAKNESS 1. METHOD ADOPTED FOR DISTRIBUTION:- THE ROUTESELLING policy adopted by BISLERI for distribution is more expensive than more commonly followed method of appointing distributors in different towns. This reduces the profit of company. The dealer margin is reduced due to this .therefore not many dealer keeps BISLERI in many areas. Indirectly this is reducing the coverage of BISLERI. 2. REUSE OF BOTTLE BY LOCAL SELLERS AND ILLEGAL MANUFACTURERS:- Market research conducted by BISLERI revealed that the other overriding concern for this set of buyers is the tampering of seal and the reuse of bottles. Many have witnessed used bottles being refilled at railway stations. This deteriorates the brand image of BISLERI. For example: local sellers fill the bottle of BISLERI with impure water and the bottles are purchased by illiterate customers as BISLERI water but they buy water of low quality. In this way brand of BISLERI gets affected. 3. FAULTS IN PRODUCTION:- Tests conducted by various authorities shows that it contains pesticides. In 2002 the 2cm long insect was found in the bottle of BISLERI. This has affected its sales and reputation. The license of its two factories one at Noida and other at Bangalore has been cancelled because of fault in production. 4. PRESSURE BY GOVERNMENT AUTHORITY:- After insect was found in the bottles, FDA (Food Drug Adulteration) has cancelled the production of BISLERI. Afterwards it was allowed to resume it but in this period its customer were moved towards other products. It is constantly under check by various authorities. 5. NOT MEETING THE DEMAND OF THE CUSTOMER:- In certain parts of south in our country big bottles of BISLERI are in huge demand but the company is unable to meet the demand of the consumers. This is affecting the demand for the product. So People are forced to use other brands of mineral water. (Hiteshi, 2010) OPPORTUNITY 1. FAST GROWING FIELD:- The best beverage for India in the new millennium seems to be water. In recent years, the bottled drinking water market has been witnessing high decibel level of activity, with a host of new entrants. The bottled water market which worth Rs. 1000 crore is expected to be Rs. 5000 crore by 2010. This will increase a lot of scope for bottled water market. 2. BISLERI CAN UTILISE ITS DISTRIBUTION CHAIN:- With BISLERI becoming a generic name for bottled drinking water. If company can manage the distribution chain of the product to make it available where the consumer needs it the most, the company may well succeed in his gamble with water. For this the company can connect it with dealers and other distributors who will market the products for them all around the world. 3. EXPANSION IN EUROPE:- The launch of BISLERI in the European market on 4th September, 2003 has created a lot of scope for BISLERI in the field. This will also compensate the deterioration of image; BISLERI has suffered after insect wasfound in the bottle. It will silence the critics and it will also increase the faith of the customer for the brand. It will create an international brand image and the quality will increase. 4. LAUNCH OF PREMIUM PACK:- The company also has its premium product range. This is prepared keeping 5-star hotels and other premium customer. This pack will be sold at Rs. 20 per liter. This will give a tough competition to the EVIAN, the biggest player in the premium water range which sells its 1 liter water at a hefty of Rs.85 per liter. 5. CHANGE OF IMAGE:- The company has changed the colour of the product. It has changed from blue to green. By changing the colour, the company has provided a new product to the consumers; they will be getting a new and a refreshing product. 6. INCREASE IN PRODUCTION:- BISLERI is eyeing the Market and is in the process of increasing the production by setting 4 new plants adding to its 23plants. This will increase the production capacity of the company. (Hiteshi, 2010) THREATS MARKET IS EYED BY THE BIG PLAYERS:- The growth of the market indicates the need for the mineral water. Due to this the heavy weights are eyeing the market. Coke, Pepsi, Britannia, Nestle, Auswater-is keen on raising their stakes in this market. With the cut throat competition between Coke and Pepsi, BISLERI is not safe. ENTERING OF NEW PLAYERS:- To get some share in the market many new players are entering in the market. Among them major names are Godrej, which is launching its product AQUA-PURE and Tata-Tea is looking forward to bring Himalayan, this will increase the competition. Also Britannia which is distributing EVIAN is planning to launch its own brand. There are also new entrants ATCO with BRILLIANT water, DS FOODS with CATCH are also coming. Even Hindustan lever is planning to enter into the market. This is giving a tough competition to the current water brands including BISLERI. WATER FILTER MANUFACTURERS:- BISLERI is not only getting competition from mineral water maker but is also facing a tough competition from various water filter manufacturers such as Eureka Forbes (Aqua guard). They have been marketing there purifiers in the market which has decreased the sales of bottled water supply to homely customers. ILLEGAL MANUFACTURERS:- Company is facing a tough competition from illegal manufacturers in the rural areas. The illegal manufacturers provide water at a very cheaper rate then the branded manufacturers. There are 1000s of illegal manufacturers which are providing the water at a very cheaper rate. This is a serious problem for branded manufacturers. This companies also use the fake name of branded bottled water i.e. BISLERI and supply their products in the market. STRONG DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL OF THE OTHER MANUFACTURERS:- Analysts feel that BISLERIS break away seal will not at all be effective the company having strong distribution channel will only survive. This rings the warning bell for BISLERI because among other players Kinley and Aquafina are having a strong distribution network of Coke and Pepsi. Nestle will be banking on its chocolate distribution network. Even though the BISLERI has a strong networks but its concentration on bulk segment can lead to improper network. For example: A chemist who is selling the 1 litre pack may not sell the 20 litre pack. This could disturb the network. NEW GOVERNMENT POLICY:- For preparing 1 liter of mineral water 3 liters of ground water is required. Government was not charging tax on the extraction of the ground water. Now by introducing the new policy government is going to impose tax on the extraction of the ground water, this will increase the production cost because of which the companies will be forced to increase the price which all consumers of all categories cannot afford. The companies can compensate the high production cost by reducing their marketing expenses but this will keep the consumer unaware about the product. This is also affecting the quality of the bottled water. (Vora, 2009) (Porter M. , 1980) PORTERS FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS: Analyzing the above through the porters framework: As we can see above that the company is going through various threats instead of being in a good position and capturing a large market share still it is facing a very tough competition from the existing competitors as big players like Coke and Pepsi are keen to increase their market share and both of them being the biggest competitor of each other, there is a hyper competition in the market and a cut throat situation where any of the companies can take away the market at any time without being late in order to rule the market. Bisleri being in the market of water which a very profitable area faces the new entrants threat also as brands like Godrej, Tata Tea, Britannia, Atco, DS Foods etc. are coming out with their own brands and trying to make money in fact some of them are even out with their brand and planning to modify and expand it which in turn increases the threat to Bisleri with the fear of losing the market share. (Gerry Johnson, Exploring Corporate Strategy, 2005) (Porter M. E., The Five Competitive Forces that Shape Strategy, 2008) PESTEL ANALYSIS: Analyzing the above through the PESTEL framework: As can be seen above that the company is affected a lot by the new government policy and that is to charge tax on the extraction of ground water but now the government is imposing tax which is a major concern for the company as to manufacture 1 liter of water they need to extract 3 liters of water from ground which in turn will increase their cost of production which they will try to reduce by reducing the quality of the product which will in turn harm the health of people and company image. (Gerry Johnson, Exploring Corporate Strategy, 2008) CONCLUSION With this SWOT analysis we have derived the conclusion that: The base of BISLERI water is very strong in the Indian market. Its managing director is one of the biggest achiever in the packed water bottled market; it is found that its weakness lies in the production. The company was in trouble because of its production related techniques; The Company has a lot of opportunity which can be exploited in the future which will give the company a profit, proper utilization of opportunities will be a key to survive in the market, But with more and more competitors entering the market, there are also various threat to company. One wrong step can lead to a white-wash of company from the market in the future. REFRENCES: Bisleri. (2008). Bisleri.com. Retrieved January 1st, 2011, from bisleri.com/home.html Charles Hill, G. J. (2009). Strategic Mnagement Theory: An Integrated Approach (9th ed.). South-Western . Economic Times of India. (2010). Fruity flavoured water from bisleri to hit market soon. finewaters. Gerry Johnson, K. S. (2005). Exploring Corporate Strategy (7th ed.). FT Prentice Hall. Gerry Johnson, K. S. (2008). Exploring Corporate Strategy (8th ed.). FT Prentice Hall. Hindustan Times. (2010). Bisleri to launch flavoured water soon. Hindustantimes. Hiteshi. (2010). SWOT analysis of Bisleri Co. Hitt, M. I. (2003). Strategic Management (5th edn ed.). Singapore.: South-Western. Porter, M. (1980). Competitive Strategy. Free Press. Porter, M. E. (1996). What Is Strategy? Harvard Business Review. Porter, M. E. (2008). The Five Competitive Forces that Shape Strategy. Harvard Business Review. Raturi, P. (2005). And this is how Parle Bisleri began. Rediff. Upadhyay, S. J. (2005). Mineral Water of the World. Minerakwaters.org. Vora, Y. (2009). Bisleri.